![]() Subjects received a single dose of 24 IU of oxytocin (Syntocinon Spray Novartis three puffs per nostril each puff with 4 IU of oxytocin) intranasally or a placebo (containing all inactive ingredients except the neuropeptide). Recent research has shown that intranasal administration of neuropeptides, such as vasopressin, enables direct access of the peptide to the central nervous compartment ( Born et al., 2002), thus providing a useful method for studying CNS effects of the neuropeptide oxytocin in humans, with no adverse side effects being reported ( Heinrichs et al., 2003, 2004). On day 1, two groups of healthy young men were administered intranasally with oxytocin ( N = 22) and placebo ( N = 19). at the same time of day for each participant. Sessions took place between 1:00 and 5:00 P.M. ![]() Each volunteer in both groups participated in two experimental sessions taking place on 2 consecutive days. Here, we show that oxytocin selectively enhances memory encoding of faces in humans, but not of nonsocial stimuli.Ī placebo-controlled, double-blind between-groups design was used, with 22 men included in the oxytocin group (age, 22.59 ± 0.57 years) and 19 men (22.53 ± 0.52 years) in the placebo group. In contrast, no consistent effects of oxytocin were found on learning of nonsocial stimuli ( Fehm-Wolfsdorf and Born, 1991 Heinrichs et al., 2004). Oxytocin also increases social behaviors like trust ( Kosfeld et al., 2005 Baumgartner et al., 2008). Men treated with oxytocin performed better in inferring the affective state from the eye region of human faces ( Domes et al., 2007a). However, there is emerging evidence that oxytocin facilitates social cognition and prosocial behavior also in humans ( Heinrichs and Domes, 2008). ![]() In humans, the influence of oxytocin on social in comparison with nonsocial memory has not yet been investigated. The influence seems to be specific to encoding, because an injection of oxytocin before, but not after an initial social encounter restores social recognition in these mice ( Ferguson et al., 2000). Remarkably, oxytocin knock-out mice have no deficits in nonsocial memory ( Ferguson et al., 2000), suggesting that oxytocin modulates only social but not nonsocial memory. ![]() In oxytocin knock-out mice, social memory is impaired and can be fully restored by a single injection of oxytocin before an initial social encounter ( Ferguson et al., 2002). In rodents, oxytocin enhances social recognition as indicated by decreased investigative behavior toward a conspecific rodent during a second encounter ( Ferguson et al., 2002 Bielsky and Young, 2004). The nonapeptide oxytocin is centrally involved in the regulation of basic social and reproductive behaviors, such as cohabitation, gestation, and breastfeeding, and in nonhuman mammals is crucial for social recognition ( Carter, 1998, 2003 Ferguson et al., 2002 Winslow and Insel, 2004). All rights reserved.Across species, social recognition is the foundation on which all social relationships are built and maintained. Results are discussed in the context of a comprehensive theoretical model on pathways toward excessive internet use.Īnxiety Depression Fear of missing out Problematic smartphone use Social networking.Ĭopyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. We discuss non-social smartphone use as a possible avoidance strategy among anxious individuals, and the role of FOMO in individuals desiring social connectedness but also feeling socially anxious. Furthermore, FOMO mediated relations between both depression (β = 0.23, p <. FOMO mediated relations between depression severity and non-social smartphone use (β = 0.09, p =. Using structural equation modeling, we found that compared to social smartphone use, non-social use was more strongly linked with severity of PSU (β = 0.18, p <. We conducted a web survey of 316 American undergraduate students about severity of depression, anxiety, fear of missing out (FOMO), social and non-social smartphone use, and PSU. non-social smartphone use, and how such types of use relate to problematic smartphone use (PSU). Few studies have examined mental health variables in relation to social vs.
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